Flood protection and management: quo vadimus?
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the last decade, there have been many destructive floods in various parts of the world. Despite the extensive investment in flood control works, neither flood occurrences nor damages are decreasing. A possible consequence of climate change is an increased frequency of extreme meteorological events that may cause floods. Discussion is offered of some recent large floods in the world and of the experiences in combating floods in Japan. Floods change over time as societies change. There is no single universal remedy against floods and site-specific local efforts are necessary. It is essential to undertake damage mitigation measures together with physical control measures for flood management in an integrated approach, using a mixture of structural and non-structural means. A more disaster conscious society needs to be built with better preparedness and safe-fail (safe in failure) rather than, unrealistic, fail-safe (safe from failure) design of flood defences. Protection et aménagement contre les inondations: quo vadimus? Résumé Au cours des années 90, on a pu déplorer de par le monde de nombreuses inondations catastrophiques et des dommages considérables malgré les importants investissements consentis dans ce domaine. Une modification climatique est peut être à l'origine d'une augmentation de la fréquence des événements météorologiques extrêmes pouvant causer les inondations. Nous proposons des réflexions à propos de quelques grandes inondations récentes en diverses parties du monde ainsi que des leçons tirées de la lutte contre les inondations au Japon. Notre vision des inondations varie selon les époques, comme varient les sociétés. Il n'y a pas de remède universel contre les inondations. Des efforts locaux sont nécessaires qui dépendent de la spécificité du site considéré. Il est essentiel de prendre des mesures pour diminuer les dommages, combinées à des aménagements permettant une gestion intégrée des inondations grâce à une panoplie d'outils faisant ou non appel au génie civil. Il faut développer la conscience sociale de la vulnérabilité, en préparant plus à la possibilité d'échec des mesures de protection qu'en cultivant un sentiment irréaliste de protection absolue.
منابع مشابه
Dealing with Uncertainty in Flood Management Through Diversification
This paper shows, through a numerical example, how to develop portfolios of flood management activities that generate the highest return under an acceptable risk for an area in the central part of the Netherlands. The paper shows a method based on Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) that contributes to developing flood management strategies. MPT aims at finding sets of investments that diversify risk...
متن کاملContribution to the Special Issue: ‘Commemorating 100 years since Hjort’s 1914 treatise on fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe’ Quo Vadimus Marine ecosystem acoustics (MEA): quantifying processes in the sea at the spatio-temporal scales on which they occur
Olav Rune Godø1*, Nils Olav Handegard1, Howard I. Browman1, Gavin J. Macaulay1, Stein Kaartvedt2, Jarl Giske3, Egil Ona1, Geir Huse1, and Espen Johnsen1 Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: +47 55238500; fax...
متن کاملMonte Carlo Models: Quo Vadimus?
Coherence, multiple scattering and the interplay between soft and hard processes are discussed. These physics phenomena are essential for understanding the nuclear dependences of rapidity density and pT spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The RHIC data have shown the onset of hard processes and indications of high pT spectra suppression due to parton energy loss. Within the pQCD parton...
متن کاملWater management and flood protection of the polders in the Netherlands under the impact of climate change and man-induced changes in land use
Two-third of the area of the Netherlands is flood prone. Storm surges at the North Sea, floods in the rivers, failure of secondary dikes, as well as heavy rainfall may cause flooding. Most of the flood prone areas rely for their existence on drainage by pumping, because their surface level may be permanently or during floods up to several metres below the surrounding water levels. During the pa...
متن کامل